Rubella Virus
Date: 2 سال قبل
author: AmirAbad
Rubella
Virus
Rubella
virus, scientific name Rubivirus rubellae, is a member of the genus Rubivirus
and belongs to the family of Matonaviridae, whose members commonly have a
genome of single-stranded RNA of positive polarity which is enclosed by capsid.
Rubella
virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, transmitted only
between humans via the respiratory route, and is the main cause of congenital
rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy.
Rubella
disease
Rubella,
also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by
the rubella virus.This disease is often mild with half of people not realizing
that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and
last for three days. It usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of
the body. The rash is sometimes itchy and is not as bright as that of measles.
Swollen lymph nodes are common and may last a few weeks.A fever, sore throat,
and fatigue may also occur. Joint pain is common in adults. Complications may
include bleeding problems, testicular swelling, encephalitis, and inflammation
of nerves. Infection during early pregnancy may result in a miscarriage or a
child born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Symptoms of CRS manifest as
problems with the eyes such as cataracts, deafness, as well as affecting the
heart and brain. Problems are rare after the 20th week of pregnancy.
transmission
Rubella
is usually spread from one person to the next through the air via coughs of
people who are infected. People are infectious during the week before and after
the appearance of the rash. Babies with CRS may spread the virus for more than
a year. Only humans are infected. Insects do not spread the disease. Once
recovered, people are immune to future infections.
symptoms
Rubella
has symptoms similar to those of flu. However, the primary symptom of rubella
virus infection is the appearance of a rash (exanthem) on the face which
spreads to the trunk and limbs and usually fades after three days, which is why
it is often referred to as three-day measles. The facial rash usually clears as
it spreads to other parts of the body. Other symptoms include low-grade fever,
swollen glands (sub-occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy), joint
pains, headache, and conjunctivitis.
diagnosis
Testing
is available that can verify immunity. Diagnosis is confirmed by finding the
virus in the blood, throat, or urine. Testing the blood for antibodies may also
be useful.
prevention
Rubella
is preventable with the rubella vaccine with a single dose being more than 95%
effective. Often it is given in combination with the measles vaccine and mumps
vaccine, known as the MMR vaccine.
Write Comment
Comments