EBV virus from signs to symptoms
Date: 2 سال قبل
author: AmirAbad
EBV
Virus (Epstein–Barr virus)
The Epstein–Barr
virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, is one of the
nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is
one of the most common viruses in humans. EBV is
a double-stranded DNA virus.
It
is best known as the cause of infectious
mononucleosis ("mono" or "glandular fever").
Infection
with EBV occurs by the oral transfer of saliva and genital
secretions. Most people become infected with EBV and gain adaptive
immunity. In the United States, about half of all five-year-old children and
about 90% of adults have evidence of previous infection. Infants become
susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody
protection disappears. Many children become infected with EBV, and these
infections usually cause no symptoms or are indistinguishable from the other
mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and other developed
countries, many people are not infected with EBV in their childhood
years. When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence, it causes infectious
mononucleosis 35 to 50% of the time.
EBV
infects B cells of the immune system and epithelial cells.
Infectious
mononucleosis
EBV
causes infectious mononucleosis. Children infected with EBV have few
symptoms or can appear asymptomatic, but when infection is delayed to
adolescence or adulthood, it can cause fatigue, fever, inflamed
throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, enlarged
spleen, swollen liver, or rash.Post-infectious chronic fatigue
syndrome has also been associated with EBV infection.
Symptoms
Symptoms
of EBV infection can include:
· fatigue
· fever
· inflamed
throat
· swollen
lymph nodes in the neck
· enlarged
spleen
· swollen
liver
· rash
After
you get an EBV infection, the virus becomes latent (inactive) in your body. In
some cases, the virus may reactivate. This does not always cause symptoms, but
people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop symptoms if EBV
reactivates.
transmission
EBV
is spread by saliva through:
· kissing
· sharing
drinks and food
· using
the same cups, eating utensils, or toothbrushes
· having
contact with toys that children have drooled on
Diagnosis
Diagnosing
EBV infection can be challenging because the symptoms are similar to
other illnesses. EBV infection can be confirmed with a blood test that detects
antibodies. About nine out of ten of adults have antibodies that show that they
have a current or past EBV infection.
Prevention
& Treatment
There
is no vaccine to protect against EBV infection.
There
is no specific treatment for EBV. However, some things can be done to help
relieve symptoms, including:
· drinking
fluids to stay hydrated
· getting
plenty of rest
taking over-the-counter
medications for pain and fever
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