Amirabad Pathobiology and Virology Laboratory

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Varicella-Zoster Virus

Date: 3 سال قبل

author: AmirAbad

Varicella-Zoster Virus
Clinical Manifestations
Primary varicella-zoster virus infection causes varicella (chickenpox). Reactivation of latent virus (usually in adults) causes herpes zoster (shingles), manifesting as vesicular rash with a dermatomal distribution and acute neuritis.
Pathogenesis
Varicella-zoster virus is usually transmitted by droplets and replicates initially in the nasopharynx. In seronegative individuals, viremia and chickenpox ensue. Latency is established in dorsal root ganglia, and virus reactivation results in virion transport down sensory nerves.
Host Defenses
As with herpes simplex virus, interferon and cellular and humoral immunity are important defenses. Reactivated virus can cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals.
Epidemiology
 
Varicella-zoster virus is highly contagious; about 95 percent of adults show serologic evidence of infection.

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